Electric transmission of intelligence.



I. KITSEE.

ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION OF INTELLIGENCE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 13, 1906.

1,083,255, Patented Dec. 30, 1913.

COLUMBIA PLANOORAPH COHWASHINGTON. u. c.

was STATES P nan r ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION OF INTELLIGENCE.

1,083,255. Specification f Letters Patent Patented Dec. 30, 1913. Application filed July 13, 1906. Serial No 326,078.

To all whom it Mair/concern." I cable, an impulse is transmitted and the line Be-itkn-own that I, IsmoR KITsEE, citizen then left idle or being connected to the of the United States, residing at Philadelground directly, that is, without the interphia, in the county of Philadelphia and position of any source of electricity, electric 5 State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain waves surge in the cable to and fro till this new and useful Improvements in Electric cable has attained its normal condition. Transmission of Intelligence, of which the This surging of the electric waves produced following is a specification. the moving of the zero. To overcome this, I y invention relates to an lmprovement found that it is necessary to have a source of 10 in electric transmission of intelligence. potential lmpressed on the line durlng the It is adaptable to telephonic as well as whole time that the message is transmitted. telegraphic transmission, but its greatest This potential should not interfere with the value is found on telegraphic lines with receiving of the true message. After careful great capacity, such for instance as submaexperiments, I found that the arrangement,

15 rine cables. as outlined in the accompanying drawing, is

On submarine cables, the method of teleeffective for the purpose in question. graphing today is as follows: The double Referring to the drawing, 1 is the line of key is employed; with the aid of one key a transmission; 2, 2, and 4, 4, is a static device, positive impulse is transmitted over the line such as a condenser. The usual condenser 20 and with the aid of the second key a negaconsists of two series of leaves intervening tive impulse is transmitted over the line. between eachother and these leaves I indi- During the interval between the connection cated by the numerals 2, 2. The condenser of one source of current and the connection S employed in my arrangement is, what of the other source of current to the line, the I call, the double condenser, that is, a con- 25 same is momentarily left open and then denser consisting of four series of leaves grounded without the interposition of any electrically considered, and I have desigsource of current, so as to discharge the nated the second pair of leaves by the numersame. als 4, 4. The second pair of leaves are 10- A second mode of telegraphing to day cally connected to a source of current, here 30 over the cable is with the aid of the so-called shown as the battery 3. The action of this Wheatstone transmitter, on a strip of paper condenser is as follows: Through the battery having perforations for the connection of 3, the leaves or branches 4, 4, are raised to a the positive and negative current. Here potential depending on the potential of the again the cable is either left open or conbattery or other source. The raising of 35 nected directly to the ground. In bothcases, these leaves which intervene between the a negative impulse denotes one character of leaves 2, 2, raise again by induction these the alphabet, say a dash, and the positive imleaves 2, 2, to the potential of the leaves 4, pulse the second character, say a dot. As 4, minus the loss in conversion. I, therein the telegraphic alphabet often two or fore, have 011 the line a device which is al- 40 more dots or two or more dashes follow each ways at the required potential and it is an other, the moving of the zero is the result. eflectual bar, which experiments have It was thought that the moving of the zero proven, to the surging of the waves surging could be easily overcome, if after each posiin the cable between the different impulses, tive impulse a negative impulse is to follow and the moving of the zero is thereby pre- 45 or vice versa. This was tried with the vented provided that positive and negative double key and the Wheatstone transmitter. impulses follow each other in regular suc- The receiving instrument was in each case cession. I have record slips produced over the well known siphon recorder, but the submarine cables of about eighteen hundred tape presented the record, clearly indicating miles and found that whereas the record 50 that the zero position was still unstable. made by impulses in which the plain double After comparing records of different syskey or the VVheatstone transmitter is used, tems, it was deducted that when on a line the moving of the zero is quite distinct; the with great capacity, such as a submarine transmission of reversals whereby a source of potential was always left on the line, produced a record, straight and minus the moving zero.

I have here described my invention as applicable to telegraphic lines, but it is obvious that such arrangement may be advantageously applied to any line used for transmitting intelligence. 0

I have here omitted transmitting and receiving stations because the manner of transmitting and receiving may differ in the different systems without departing fromthe scope of my invention.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In telegraphy, a line of transmission, means to impress upon said line a polarity independent of the signaling polarity, said means comprising a double condenser, one part connected to the line of transmission and the second part connected to a source of electric potential.

2. A line of transmission, a double condenser and means to impress upon said line a potential independent of the potentials or impulses impressed during the transmission of the message through said double condenser.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ISIDOR KITSEE.

Witnesses:

MARY C. SMITH, ALVAH RITTENHOUSE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G. 

